INFERTILITY PROBLEMS OF MEN AND WOMEN

Attendance baby is the desire of each spouse couples. If your child did not come, each pair must be checked out, including the husband.
Some causes of infertility / infertility in men:
1. reduced number of sperm production
2. blockage in the system of sperm expenditure
3. formation of antibodies against sperm
4. testicular damage
5. prosuksi hormone disruption
6. enlargement of blood vessels in the testis
What to do?
1. sperm analysis.
2. urinalyze.
3. luteinizing hormone (LH). To stimulate testicular function and testosterone production.
4. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). To stimulate activity in the seminiferous tubullus like spermatogenis, ABP and Inhibin
5. prolactin. Examination lack of libido, impotence, or due to tumor
6. testosterone. so that the properties of the normal male sex, keep the prostate gland function
7. anti-sperm antibodies. It can be found in the blood and thus need to be checked carefully.

CERVICAL CANCER

Cervix or cervical cancer is a malignant tumor on the tissue surface of the neck and cervix and is the no.1 killer and most common. Approximately 85% of deaths from this disease occur in developing countries. In addition to risk of death, at an advanced stage may make the patient uncomfortable, severe pain, coughing up blood, leg swelling, jaundice, urinary disorders and bowel movements. Although in early stages of this disease is known, the possibility of menstruation and have a child is gone.
Anatomically the vagina becomes shorter, sometimes an interruption in sexual relations.
The main cause of this disease is a viral infection of HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) which was detected in 99.7% of patients with cervical cancer.
world, many women are not aware of this danger of cervical cancer. In the study 80% of women died from cervical cancer suffered has been entered at an advanced stage. So the prevention and treatment is too late.
Treatment itself can be done at home is:
1. live pap smears on a regular basis as soon as sexually active
2. Stay with one partner and do not have multiple sexual partners
3. Wait until old enough for sexual intercourse, it is recommended over 20 years.
4. Use protective contraceptives such as condoms and diaphragms
5. Do not spray your vagina five times or more in one month, because it increases the risk of cervical cancer 30 times.
6. Do not smoke for both partners. Cigarettes cause cervical cancer risk up to 3 times.
7. Poor nutrition can also cause cervical cancer. Vit A, C and beta-carotene and folic acid in adequate amounts, can protect themselves from cervical cancer.
Prevent early before it’s too late to be cancer
Cervical cancer takes place in several stages, starting from the period without symptoms, vaginal discharge, bleeding, pain that is often considered the norm. Then in the advanced stage the symptoms are clearly emerging from the changes in cancer cells, in the form of bleeding after sexual activity, or between the two periods.
Figures survival from cervical cancer is 5 years based on the stage:
a. zero-stage, benign and cancer cells are still on the surface of the cervix wall, survival rates can reach 100%.
b. single-stage, cancer is strongly attached to the walls of the cervix, the chances of recovering 80%
c. stage two, the cancer has spread to other places until the uterus, but not to the vagina, the chances of recovering 50-60%
d. stage three, the cancer has spread to the bottom of the vagina, the chances of recovering 20-30%
e. stage four, the cancer had reached other organs are much like the anus, kidney, lung, liver and bone. 0-5% chance of recovery.
Fortunately, cervical cancer is cancer that can be prevented if known to exist from an early age. Our own body can actually cope with about 70% of infections, but because there are many types of virus, making the body unable to cope alone.
What is important is to educate yourself to behave well, such as personal and environmental hygiene, eating healthy and nutritious foods, not smoking. Cleaning the vital organs every day on a regular basis and by using a sterile instrument. Changing underwear at least 2 times a day is also helpful health vital organs. And the last is early detection by health equipment such as pap smears and VIA (visual inspection with acetic acid application) to follow up the possibility of cervical cancer in the early days of symptoms. If exposed to this disease, vaccination is the best way next to this.

Harvard longevity pill

David Sinclair, Associate Professor of Harvard University have found a concoction of drugs that can prolong human life of 10 years.
The result of his invention works by activating the sirtuin genes that play a role in controlling the body’s aging process so that it can extend to 10 years of age. By increasing the sirtuin, memory and the immune system that is hindering the process of aging, and maximize the nutrients in the body.
These pills can also cope with arthritis that can cure Alzheimer’s, heart attacks and cataracts.

Use of yeasts in biotechnology

Yeasts belong to the kingdom Fungi of the five kingdom classification of living organisms. The other four are – animalia, plantae, protista and monera. If there were ever a prize for organisms that contributed most to the success today in biotechnology – I think budding yeast would be a top runner up. What is budding yeast ? The easiest way to learn is by thinking about the word – budding. This yeast produces its progeny by budding – this is a way of its asexual reproduction. The scientific name is Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
There are many varieties of budding yeast that are commonly used in the biotechnology in contrast to that used in academic research labs. Of course, the selection of biotech yeasts is mostly towards those which are good for brewing. Brewing is the production of alcoholic beverages by natural process of fermentation. The chief characteristics of the brewing yeasts can be summed up in six major points – they should have a minimal lag phase of growth, they should show high fermentation rate compared to cell growth, they should show efficient production of ethanol, they should be able to withstand differences in alcohol concentrations and osmotic pressure, they should give reproducible amount of flavor and aroma, they should have ideal flocculation character and they should be easy to handle to be able for use in future.
In contrast to this the strains that are used for academic research have to be genetically very well characterized – their genotypes should be known. The knowledge is further used for genetic modification when required. The deletion of certain genes can cause a metabolite to accumulate and cause colour formation – which could further be used to distinguish two different strains. In addition, the laboratory yeast strains are often worked with haploid mating types. What is haploid and what is diploid ? Haploid yeast have half the chromosome numbers as diploids. Haploids come in two flavours – a type and alpha type. The a and alpha type can mate with one another but not in themselves. The diploid are not bad either in surviving – when there is a shortage of nutrients the diploids can undergo sporulation to form spores. Upon arrival of favourable conditions the spores germinate to form haploid yeasts. One of the big advantages of yeasts in research is that the complete genome is available, so it possible to mutate a gene and look for its function or tag a gene with reporter and look at the localization of the protein. Further, these process have become easy to do because of our understanding of the homologous recombination in yeasts.

How to obtain body temperature

There are three methods on how to obtain the body temperature. Anyone can perform this relatively easy procedure. There are three methods used to obtain the body temperature, the axillary, the oral and the rectal methods. You can use any of these depending upon the type of patient. For infants and younger children, the rectal method is preferred. For adults, the oral or axillary methods are preferred.
The axillary method
Wear your personal protective equipment (PPE), especially your gloves. Clean the thermometer with a cleaning or sterilizing agent. Shake the thermometer to lower the mercury reading below 36 degrees centigrade. Put the mercury bulb at the center of the patient’s armpit. Let it stay for 5 minutes. Read the temperature by twirling the thermometer until you can observe the portion where of the mercury is. Normal axillary temperature ranges from 36 to 37.5 degrees centigrade. Wash or wipe the thermometer and soak it in the cleaning solution.
The oral method
Wear your personal protective equipment (PPE), especially your gloves. Clean the thermometer with a cleaning agent. Be sure the cleaning agent is not something that is harmful. Shake the thermometer until the reading is at 36 or below. Place the thermometer at under the tongue and position the stem at one side of the mouth. Let it stay there for 1 to 2 minutes. Read the temperature just as mentioned in the axillary method. The normal oral temperatures are 36 to 37.5 degrees centigrade. Wash or wipe the thermometer and soak it in the cleaning solution.
Rectal method
Wear your personal protective equipment (PPE), especially your gloves. Clean the thermometer with a cleaning agent. Shake the thermometer until the reading is at 36 or below. Gently insert the thermometer into the anus and let it stay there for 1 minute. Do not release the stem of the thermometer. Hold on to it because it might be sucked into the rectum. Wipe briskly with a wet sanitized tissue, cotton or gauze. Read the temperature just as mentioned in the axillary method. The normal oral temperatures are 36 to 37.5 degrees centigrade. Wash or wipe the thermometer and soak it in the cleaning solution.
Whatever method you choose to use, be aware that you can contract a disease by not taking precautions. Be safe by observing all necessary precautions.

Beware of Worms In Infants & Children

Worms is still a public health problem in tropical countries, including Indonesia. These are health problems caused by parasitic worms in the body.
At first glance there is nothing wrong with Mira, third grade student elementary school in South Jakarta. But somehow, in the Mira class always seemed excited, weakness, and drowsiness. As a result, he was unable to follow the lesson well. After review, it turns out positive Mira worms. The World Bank states that the worms reduce the quality of human resources, especially in developing countries. Based on the results of a survey of diarrhea Ministry of Health of Indonesia in 2002 and 2003, as many as 40 schools in 10 provinces showed that the prevalence of disease which ranges from 2.2 to 96.3 worms per cent.
Meanwhile, a study conducted two years in the New Times Village Elementary Kalibaru, North Jakarta, showed the prevalence of the disease is still at 60 percent. However, the percentage move down in 2010, when a team of researchers conducted a survey last year in elementary Paseban, where only 19 positive children who suffer from intestinal worms.
As for the Pesantren Sunan Tread on Condet numbers, from 360 students, only 9 people who suffer from intestinal worms. “If the research shows many children exposed to worms, then we impose a mass treatment system. But if the result is only a few are suffering from this disease, the treatment given only to the positive, “said Prof. Dr. Saleha Sungkar DAP & E MS from the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of medicine, in” Education Program Hazard Worms in School & Day Alert Worms National 2011 “a few weeks ago in Jakarta.
Worms that often infect humans are roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides), whip worm (Trichuris trichiura) and hookworm (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale).
Saleha explained, the worms cause a child to malnutrition, anemia, and decreased intelligence.
“This happens because the worms cause diarrhea, absorb nutrients, vitamins, and blood and cause bleeding in the gut,” says Saleha. As a result, continued Saleha, children experiencing barriers to physical development, intelligence, productivity declines, and decline in endurance so susceptible to other diseases.
A number of worms that cover the intestinal mucosa would even inhibit the absorption of nutrients and vitamins A to facilitate the occurrence of night blindness and blindness in children.
Roundworms can even migrate to other organs, causing intestinal blockage which can lead to death.
The disease is commonly found in areas with poor environmental sanitation conditions and poor personal hygiene, especially attacked the group of children. This is because the worm eggs can develop in soil and small children usually like to play with the soil.
Worm eggs can also infect people, for example when people defecate in the water channel and the pages around the house and eating without washing hands. Moreover, in the slums, many people defecate in the river or in the garden. If feces containing eggs of the worm, river and gardens will be polluted.
“Especially when the river water used for watering gardens planted with vegetables. Worm eggs will stick to the vegetables and be ingested when vegetables are not cooked properly, “the head of Jakarta’s Control of Health Problems Dr Ida Bagus Nyoman Banjar.
Furthermore Banjar said, the symptoms of worms seems to be difficult to detect if the number of worms that nest in the body is still small. Usually the symptoms will arise even if it is a lot of worm larvae that nest in the body.
Each worm eggs also have different ways to enter the body. For example, roundworms are nesting in the body with a number 100-200000 infective egg per day, usually entering through food. Similar to whip worm eggs that have 3000-5000 in the body. The hookworm eggs develop in the body other than through food as well as through the skin.
Worm control efforts as a way to overcome this problem also needs to be encouraged, through public knowledge about worms, modes of transmission, symptoms, and treatment. In addition, environmental sanitation and mass treatment also plays an important role to break the worm’s life cycle.
Not only the government, the private sector too is natural to find the best way on the issue. As performed by Combantrin by organizing educational activities and disseminating the importance of preventive measures and treatment required.

Room Cleanliness Affect Quality of Life

Do you want to sleep soundly? Sleeping in a clean and comfortable rooms can be one answer. Research shows, the cleanliness of the bed affects the quality of one’s sleep.
It was stepped on in the morning, but you still struggle with bolster pillows and busy skewed to the right and left. In fact, the body is very tired after a day of activities and demands for immediate rest. Before reaching a sleeping pill, want to taste you clean the beds, wash sheets, and even change the mattress is used.
If this is what you feel, then it is not a feeling you just saying that sleeping an enjoyable experience can be obtained through the bed clean and comfortable. In fact, the results of a survey conducted the National Sleep Foundation (NSF) said, people will get the experience that much better sleep when their sleeping space is in a comfortable and clean.
The study involved people who snore and those who suffer from insomnia. The respondents said the condition of the room where they sleep also affects their ability to get restful sleep.
“We have seen how drugs and medical supplies someone habits affect their sleep patterns. However, we do not really see that the environment where we sleep it also has considerable influence in sleep patterns, “beber NSF Chief David Cloud to webmd.com.
David and other research team was surprised to learn that the senses such as touch, smell, and taste also has a stake in creating a sound sleep at night. David conducted research by taking 1500 random adult respondent in the United States with age range 25-55 years.
Less than half of respondents, or about 42 percent are identified as people who do not have problems sleeping or always get a restful night sleep.
Meanwhile, on the other respondent, David finds 7 out of 10 people is almost always clean up and sleep in his bed in a clean state. Respondents of this kind are in the percentage of 19 percent and they sleep most of the report received a satisfactory experience.
As for 9 out of 10 people claimed to have a soft mattress and bolster pillows comfortable. Both are the best key in getting a comfortable sleep.
Few among those who said the sheets are clean and comfortable also affect their sleeping habits.
Between two thirds and three quarters of respondents said that cold room with clean air and cool, lighting outages, quiet and clean room, becomes important to get a good night’s sleep. Meanwhile, 6 out of 10 respondents said they change the sheets every week or more often than that. And, 3 of 4 people claim to get the sensation of sleeping soundly when they smelled fresh linens.
“Respondents reported having the opportunity to sleep longer and refreshed when I wake in the morning when a bed, sheets, and their rooms clean and comfortable,” said David. Results of a survey conducted his research team are David and was responded positively by Shelby Harris PsyD psychologists.
Shelby who was the Director of Nursing Program at the Sleep Habits Sleep Disorders Center at Montefiore in New York City was admitted was not surprised by these findings.
He had previously also been found that the bedrooms are comfortable and clean bed, also affect one’s ability to rest.
In fact, this fact is still underestimated by many people. They even tend to rely more mainstream medicine to make them go to sleep to consciousness.
“If the pillow bolsters and linens that are clean and comfortable not to make someone sound asleep also, perhaps by changing the condition of the bedroom, it can make people sleep more easily disturbed sleep,” said Shelby.
Shelby even recommend using a mattress only for two things, namely sleep and sex. “Not a few people who watch television in bed, reading, or even working in the mattress. These people then wonder why their minds are still on the job when they’ve wanted to sleep.
So, I suggest to make a bed solely for sleeping, “said Shelby. Shelby also explained, many people think that sleep is something that can run the activities according to desire, like turn off or turn on the light bulb. In fact, although the body was very tired, it does not mean the body can be invited to go to sleep.
“I recommend one hour before bedtime, you have to relax the body and mind and get ready for a break. In this way, your mind and your body will respond better call-to sleep, “said Shelby. How, worth a try right?